𝐋𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞-𝐚𝐡 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐫 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐰𝐡 𝐞𝐦 ?

 

            Mihringin kawng engkima a mihring a nihna chi hrang hrang; lunglêng thei, lunghnûr ţhin, thinrim ţhin, lawma nui ţhin etc a nihna, mite hmuh theih tura thu leh hla hmanga a puan chhuahna hmanrua hi Literature (Thu leh Hla) chu a ni mai a. Mahse, thumal rem khawm nazawngte hi Literature huangah, mi tlem tê tih loh chuan an khung leng ngawt lo. Kal phung neia thu leh hla ziah chhuah dan ţhenkhat erawh, Literature khawvelah themthiamna (art) chi khata ngaih a ni ta bik a.

 

            Chu khawvela hlawhtlinna chu mimal anga thu leh hla themthiamnaa innghat a nih tlat avangin, mimalin fak tlak, hlutawm leh chawimawi phu khawpa themthiamna a neih chuan, thu leh hla khawvelah mi hlawhtling a ni mai ţhin. Literature lo pianna hmun nia ngaih hman lai Greek ramah kha chuan, thu leh hla hi chi thum: Hla hril (Poetry), Lemchan (Drama) leh Thu tluang (Prose) a ţhen hran an ni.

 

            Heng Literature chi thum hnuaiah hian, thu leh hla ziarâng tam tak an la awm leh ta zel a. Thu leh hla khawvel mawitu mi chi thum; Ziaktu (Writer), Chhiartu (Reader) leh Fakseltu (Critic) an awm bawk. Thu leh hla chi thum zingah hla hril (poetry) hi thu leh hla fir ber, thianghlim ber leh urhsun bera a ngaih a ni. Mizo nawlpui thu leh hla chim chin erawh, a hnuhnung ber huang hi a ni thung!

 

            Mizo Academy of Letters-in lehkhabu ţha ber a thlan tawhte han thlir pawh hian, Mizo Literature-in hma a sawn lutuk lohzia, chutih laia Pipute thu leh hla khawvela hla hril huang a chungnun lawrlak sizia hi, ţhangthar thu leh hla tui mi tam tak hriat loh niin alang. Tunah lek phei chuan zalenna changchawiin, hla hril tam zawkte hi pangpâr ang maiin ni khatah an vuai nghal fur a nih hi!

 

            Greek, Latin, Rome, khaw thlang sap-ho leh khaw chhak meng zimho thu leh hla te chuan, an hnam nun leh sakhaw biak milpui zelin, hla hril ziarâng hrang hrang; Lyrical, Epic, Ode, Ballad, Haiku, Tanka, Sonnet, Villanelle, Limericks etc an nei zel a. Italian, Shakespeare etc Sonnet hre hle si, Pipu tlar thum zai, Domangi zai, Lalruanga dawi hla, Dawn zai, etc ziarâng mumal fel tak nei thlip thlepte hre leh miah si lo kan tam ta.  

 

            Tichuan, kan rama thu leh hla tehfung ber pakhata kan han uar thar tak, Grammar vangin inhnialna a chhuah phah ta fo mai. Hnam tin ţawng hian kaihruaitu Grammar, thumal chheh dan leh hman dan hriltu an nei vek a. Chutiang bawkin, thu leh hla ţawng (literary language) pawhin phuartu a nei ve ngei e. Mahse, chu chu Literature peng pawimawh ber zinga pakhat ve mai chauh a ni.

 

            Grammar hi Literature innghahna bulthum, chu grammar aţang vek chuan thu leh hla ţha leh ropui lo chawr chhuak ta ang hiala ngaite an awm ta náwk a! Prose leh Poetry Literary Grammar pawh hnam a hrang ang bawkin, thil thuhmun an ni lo. Grammar of Poetry-ah chuan thumal inlaichinna aţanga thu awmze danglam dan azirin, Chinese-ho chuan thumal inremna an neih lawi loh laiin, Latin leh Greek leh Sap hman dan a danglam daih a nih hi!

 

            Chu inhnialna huang aţang chuan, Zonu chhûl chhuak zinga thu leh hla thiam berte zinga mi, Ţhuamtea Khawlhring chuan, “Language hi chu Grammar hmangin an zir ţhin a. Chu chu ’Dikna Ram’ ti pawhin kan sawi thei awm e. Literature erawh chu Grammar dân khirh pui pui aţanga tal chhuahna, zalenna ram a ni” tiin John Donne-a leh Wordsworth-a te thlavang hauh zawngin ţan a khawh ta a.

           

            Pu Ţhuamtea hi leilung danah pawh mi thiam ni pha chin niin, duhthawh takin, “Dikna ni lovin Mawina a lal tawh zawk ţhin. Grammar malmâk vek chuang si lova Rhetoric leh Prosody tuallena a ni. Tun laia Literature kan sukthlekpui duh dan filhţhuau mai, a ti awm miah lova a ruh hlang ringawt, mawina tel lo dikna chauh ang ngaih pawimawh hi, ka thiam ve zawng a ni lo” a tih phah ta hial a nih kha!

 

A chin chhuakin : Chuvangin, Pu Ţhuamtea ţanfung hi a rintlak reng em, tih kan chhui dawn a ni. Homer-ate aţanga mi fing Plato-a leh Aristotle-a te meuh pawh inlungrual thei lova siamtu, Greek rama Literature awpkeu a nih phat ata inchaltauhna chawk chhuaktu, thu leh hla zial puitlingtu thumal rem chhuah dana ngaihdan chi hnih awm hi tarlangin, kan bûk tawn a ngai ta a ni.

 

            Plato-a’n an hun laia hla phuahtu leh ziak mite nâ taka a sawiselnate, Aristotle-a’n Poetics lehkhabu hmanga a chhanlet aţangin thu leh hla fakselna, Literary Criticism pawh a lo piang ta a. Aristotle-a hian Literature hmelhmang chi hnih a rawn vawrh chhuak ta bawk. Fel fai tak leh hriat thiam awl zawng (Expressive Composition)-a thu chheh leh, a ruh lang râwt lo zawnga thu chheh, chhui dawnna aţanga hriat fiah theih (Constructive Composition)-te an ni.           

 

            Aristotle-a hian in leh lo ruangam din thiamin, uluk taka insak dan tur suangtuah kuala, a chhui dawnna lam hawi zawk hi thlawp mah se, a awlsam zawng leh felfai taka thu leh hla chhawp chhuah thiam hi a hnualsuat fithla tihna a ni chuang lo. Mahse, thu leh hla chhui dawn ngai leh awmze neite hrilh fiah kawnga inhnialna chawk chhuak theia Literature duan hi, a dah pawimawh zawk leh ngaih pawimawh zawk a ni ta a ni.

 

            Tichuan, khaw thlang rama Literature a lo pian pawh khân, Aristotle-a’n a ngaihdan rawn vawrh pahnih sawi fiahna thûk tak nei lem lo mah se, Literature a thlir dan chi hnih bawkin bul a rawn ţan chho ta reng a. A danglam takna erawh chu, ngaihdan chipchiar zawk leh kawng hmang fel zawk a lo piang ta hi a ni. Prose cheina ţawngkam bungrua (Literary Language) ziarâng leh Poetry ruangam hrang hrang an lo piang ta a ni. 

 

            Chutih rual deuh thaw chuan Literature ramri chhûnga grammar leh, thu leh hla chherna ţawngkam ziah chhuah dan chungchang thuah, zirtirna chi hnih a awm sa ve reng bawk a. Pakhat zawk chu Dân anga thu chheh duh (Analogists), kalphung mumal leh fel tak ngainatute niin, lehlamah tlema thiangzauho (Anomalists) an awm ve ta bawk a.

 

            Greek, Latin leh Rome Literature ramri chhûngah Cerero-a, Demetrius-a, Horace-a leh Quintilian-ate’n hla thu hman dan leh hla ziarâng an duang chho ţan ta a. Renaissance hunah harh tharna lo piang mah se, Literature khawvel chu Greek leh Latin Grammar hnuaiah, kal phung duan sa hmangin a la kal bauh bauh a. A bikin Latin Grammar zula thu leh hla remtute hi, an tenau lo hle.

 

            Spenser, Bacon, Marlowe, Ford, Johnson, leh Shakespeare-ate hming a intlar dul a nih kha. Danglamna kan hmuh tak erawh chu, sap ţawng thumal thar nasa taka rawn piang ta kha a ni. Shakespeare-a’n thumal thar diai 1700 vel a chher chhuah laiin, Jonson-ate’n thumal 500 vel leh midang dangin an chher chhuahte khân, nasa takin English Literature leh an ţawng a tihausa ta a ni.

 

            Elizabethan Era hunah English Grammar bu leh inkaihhruaina mumal a awm loh avangin, Latin Grammar an hmang rim ber a. Shakespeare-a khân tun huna grammar dân hmanga teh tlin hleih theih loh tur, tihsual leh nuihzatthlak tak taka thu rem (a hranin ka ziah tawh kha) a neihte, Ben Jonson-a’n a rawn hailang ta a. Hei vang hian mi tam tak chuan grammar palzut thiang ve rengah an ngaih phah ta a ni.

 

            Mahse, Jonson-a vek hian Shakespeare-a’n Latin Grammar a thiamzia, chu mi hmanga thu a chheh dan làm a tarlang leh lawi si a. Chuvang chuan a ni, Robert Graves-a’n, “Every English poet should master the rules of grammar before he attempts to bend or break them” tiin, grammar dân palzuttute’n tihluih, tih dik aia an thu leh hlain mi a hip zawkna turin, an thuneihna an hmang sual zauh ţhin. Ţawng hi pangpâr ni ta se, grammar tel lo chuan rimtui a chhuah lo ang, tih hian grammar pawimawhna a tarlang chiang ber awm e.

 

            Jacobian Hun lo thleng ve lehin, Elizabethan Poet-ho thu leh hla chheh dan ti thlip thlep chu, he huna Metaphysical Poet-ho chuan nâ takin an rawn tawng chho ta a. A hma zawnga hla thu un pui pui leh kawngkal bithliah thlip thlep chu a ţul ber lo tiin, John Donne-a leh a thurualpuite an lo lang chho a. Thumal mawlmang leh chhiar nuam, hriat thiam pawh awlsam siin, an thu leh hla an rem chho ta thung a.

 

            Mahse, Restoration hun-ah chuan a ngaite bawkin hla an phuah chho leh ta a. John Dryden-a leh Alexander Pope-a te phei chuan hla thu chu mi narân hriat thiam loh a ni tur a ni an ti hial a. Mahse, Romanticism hunah a hnârkaitu ber William Wordsworth-a khân zalenna a tlangaupui piahah, Preface to the Lyrical Ballads lehkhabu a rawn tichhuak ta.

 

            He lehkhabuah hian hla ziarânga a ngaihdan tarlangin, hla thu chu a mawl thei ang bera hman a rawn sawi mawi chho ve leh ta a. Thu leh hla thu te hi an hrang lo va, a hrang a hraia awm a ţul hek lo a ti hial a. Mahse, Coleridge-ate’n a ngaihdan an ţawmpui ve thei lo thung. Ţawng tuallêng leh hla thu rem dan chu a danglam ngei tur a ni, an ti a. Keini hunah TS Eliot-ate’n hla thu bik a awm lo, an rawn ti ta a nih hi.

 

            Literature leh ţawng : Kan pipute hun lai aţanga hla rua kan nei hrang thlap ang hian, hnam dangte pawhin hun hmasa lamah chuan ţawng tuallêng leh, thu leh hla rua an nei hrang thlap a. Khaw thlang ramte paw’n an khaw lai ţawng tuallêng hmanga thu leh hla an ziah chhuah takna hun hi, kum zabi liamta mai kha a ni. Shakespeare-a’n a lemchana a ţawng hman ang hian, a hun laia Elizabethan mipuite kha an titi ngai lo.

 

            Tichuan, a chângin awlsam leh mawlmang taka thu chheh an uar hnu lâwkah, an thu chheh awmzia hriat fiah har tak zawnga kal phung a lo danglam leh ţhin dan kan hmu chho zut a nih kha. Chuti chungin mipui mimir titina ţawngkam erawh, thu leh hla ruaah an hmang mawh hle!

 

            Sapho ţawng tuallêng hmanga Literature khawvela hlawhtlinna chang hmasatu chu Daniel Defoe-a Robinson Crusoe kha a ni an ti ţhin. Tichuan, Pu Ţhuamtea’n Literature chu grammar malmâk vek si lova Rhetoric leh Prosody tuallênna a ni, a lo tih lam kan hawi tawh dawn a ni. Eng nge Rhetoric chu ni a, Prosody pawh chu eng nge maw a nih reng reng le?

 

            Literary Language : Literature khawvelah hian zawhna pawimawh zet mai a awm a. Thu leh hla rua (Literary Language) kan tihte hi, ţawng tuallêng aţang veka rawn inzial mum ta em ni? tih hi a ni. Literature fiah taka tehkhin theihna chu ri mawi (music) hi a ni. Ri mawiah chuan ri inlalâwn (rhythm) te, thumal lam ri sâng leh hniam (tone-metre), thumal lam rik dan inang (rhyme), leh tlar tina thumal zat (syllable) etc te’n hla an siam pum ang chiahin, hla hril (poetry) pawh heng hmanga zial mum a ni ta a.

 

            Sapho grammar dik lo hi han en ta ula:

 

Happier they their happiness who knew - Shelley

 

Between You and I - Mark Twain

 

Shakespeare - And Benedick is not the unhopefullest husband that I know. —Much Ado About Nothing

 

And so may I, blind fortune leading me, miss that which one unworthier may attain, and die with grieving. —The Merchant of Venice

 

He and Aufidius can no more atone than violentest contrariety. —Coriolanus

 

            Hetianga thumal chheh dik lo hi, kan mi thiamte zingah hmang sual an awm ve ngai pawh ka hre mang tlat lo a ni.

 

            Hla hril phuahtu leh ziaktu ropui tak tak zingah, Grammar inthununtir duh miah lo an awm nual mai. A bikin American-ho an ni zual a. EE Cummings-ate khân Punctuation hmang dik lo mah se, a dam lai khân a thu leh hla vangin chawimawi 10 lai a dawng tho. A American-pui William Faulkner-a pawh Grammar palzuttu ni mahse, 1949 khân Nobel Prize for Literature a dawn bakah, Pulitzer Prize pawh vawi hnih lai a dawng thei tho!

 

            Tichuan, a tawp berah chuan Literature huangah hian grammar chu a lo pawimawh zet mai tih kan chhiar thei ta a. Chutih rual vek chuan, miin a thu leh hla a thluaithlum duh dan leh, chhiartu rilru lak pena hruai kual a duh dan azirin, zalenna zau tak a inpe thei bawk. Mahse, he poetical license hi Mizo tam zawkin kan hriat thiam dan angin an hmang lo. He poetical license hmanga thu leh hla ropui chhep chhuak thiam tur chuan, grammar thiam hle a ngai a ni zawk.

 

            Poetical license a hmang kan han tih vete hi, thiam loh luat vanga hmang ta an ang zawk fo. He zalenna hre thiam hlek lova zalenna lo inpe tâwk lah bo hek suh. Thu leh hla thiam chungchuangte zawkin he zalenna hi mawi leh tak nalh takin an lo hmang ţhin zawk a lo ni. Tun huna grammar-a inhnialna tam zawkte hi chuan, he zalenna ramri hi an dai pha eih lo a ni zawk. A kâwr an kheuh pil ţan ik ek chauh a ni zawk e.