𝐖𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐦 𝐒𝐡𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐞

    

 

    

    Engtin nge mi pangngaiin kum 24 chhûng lekin khawvela thu leh hla ropui ber ber, drama , sonnet bakah hla hril a phuah theih mai chu le? Khawvelin an zir luih luih lemchan; Tragedy 10, Commedy lam hawi 17 leh History behchhan 10 zet a ziak a.

    Heng bakah hian Poem (hla hril thawnthu) 5 bakah Sonnet 154 zet a ziak bawk a. Kum 18 chauh a la nih laiin Anne Hathaway, amah aia kum 8 zeta upa chu nupuiah neiin kum 1616-a a boral hma chuan an in\hen lo a ni. Heti taka mi ropui hian eng ang hringnun nge a paltlang a, eng ang tawnhriat nge maw min hnutchhiah chu le?

    Kum 1589 leh 1590 inkâr hian a Lemchan hmasa ber nia hriat Henry VI a ziak zo a. Chuti a nih chuan kum 25 erh awrh chauh a la ni tihna a ni ang. Tichuan, kum khat pawh chawl mang lovin a kutchhuakte chu a ziak chho ta par par mai niin a lang a.

English thu leh hlaa a pawimawhna.

    William Shakespeare-a hian English thumal thar diai, tun thlenga kan la hmanzui tak hi 3000 (ţhenkhatin 2000 an ti) chuang vel chu a phuaha ngaih a ni a. Tin, a ţawngkam 17000-29000 vel zet hi chu mi pangngai titinaah hian an lam chhuak ţhin nia ngaih a ni bawk. Hetiang mi hi a nih tlat avangin Poet dang zawng aiin ngaihhluta chawisân a hlawh pawh hi thik rual a ni lo.

A kutchhuak.

    A kutchhuak zingah chuan Comedy of Errors kha a tawi ber a, tlar 1770 chauha sei a ni. Chutih laiin thumal pakhat a hman zinga sei ber erawh Love’s Labour Lost lemchana honorificabilitudinatatibus tih a hman kha niina awmzia nia Collins Dictionary-in a tarlan chu ‘Hneh rual loha zahawm lohna ropui’ (invincible glorious honarableness) tih zu nia!

Shakespeare-a hun vakvai (Lost year of Shakespeare)

    Shakespeare-a dam chhûng hunah hian mak tak maiin khawvelin engtin nge a hun a hman tih an hriatpui miah loh, hun biru an tih mai a awm a. Kum 1585 aţanga 1592 inkâr hun chhûng khan eng nge a tiha khawiah nge a awm tih hi tun thlengin finfiahna nen thlapa hria an la awm miah lo! Rinthu an insawisiak vel mai mai a ni ber.

William Shakespeare – III

Shakespeare-a hun laia ziaktu lâr.

    William Shakespeare-a hun lai, Renaissance Period chhûnga ziaktu hmingthang ber berte hi an hraw tlang nelh nawlh hlawm hle a. Christopher Marlowe, Ben Johnson, Michael Drayton, John Fletcher, Thomas Dekker, John Lyly, Thomas Nashe, Thomas Kyd, Thomas Heywood,  Sir John  Suckling bakah amah Shakespeare-ate an ni nawk a ni.

    An hun lai hian lemchan hi nasa taka a vul lai niin nitin tih theih mai turin lemchan tur mamawh an awm reng a ni ber e. Chuvang tak reng chuan lemchan ziaktute pawh a huhova hna thawk an tam hle reng a. Ben Johnson-a leh Shakespeare-a erawh mahnia maltlat nun nei mi an ni thung. Philip Henslowe-a, Elizabethan Lemchan enkawltu diary-a a inziak ang chuan ni khatah Poun 6/7 vel lemchan ziaktute hia an hlawh ţhin.

Shakespeare-a ţawngkauchheh.

    Eng ang takin nge Shakespeare-a ţawngkauchheh hian sapho nun a nghawng tih hi kan la chhiar zen zen kher lo ang. A nihna takah phei chuan engvanga mi hian heti em ema an ngaihsan tih chhanna pêk tur hria pawh kan tam kherin a rinawm loh. Chuvang tak chuan Shakespeare-a hriatchian hi kan tân pawh a pawimawh lo thei ta lo reng a ni.

    Samuel Taylor Coleridge-a (1772-1834) khan Poetry hi tihian a lo hrilh fiah tawh a. ‘Ţawngkauchheh ţha ber, kalhmang ţha bera rem’ tiin. Hei vang tak hian Shakespeare-a ţawngkauchhehte chu theihnghilh rual an nih lohzia a tarlang chiang hle awm e. Bernard Levin, chanchinbu mi hmingthang tak chuan a hnuaia mi ang hian thu a lo ziak tawh reng a ni.

    “Ka titi kalphung hi i hrethiam lo a nih a, ‘Greek a va ang ve’ tia i sawi mai chuan Shakespeare-a thu ziak i sawi chhawng tihna a ni ang. Suahsualna ai pawha suaksuala i inchhal a nih chuan Shakespeare-a thu i khar chhawng tihna mai a ni. I in leh lote chu boruakah an thamral i ith pawhin Shakespeare-a thu tho i sawi tihna a ni……..” tiin.

    Thu inang lak kawih thiam, fiamthu chimawm leh thumal lam dik loh (bawdy, pun & malapropism) thiam ber a ni.

    Khawvel thu leh hla sawi apianga a hming lam loh theih loh khawpa mi chungnung William Shakespeare-a chanchin tlem azawng, kan la chhiar loh tur awm ang in bih dawn teh ang.A thih hnu kum 150 a liam khan Shakespeare-a kutchhuakte hi ama kutchhuak ve reng an lo ni chiah em tih thuah inhnialna nasa tak a lo piang ta a.

    Mi thiam leh Critic hmingthang tak takte chuan Christopher Marlowe-a te, Edward de Vere-a te bakah Francis Bacon-a hmingte an rawn vawrh chhuak ta a. Heng an mi han vawrh chhuahte hi an pianna khawvel bakah an hringnun khawvel an han thlir pawhin Shakespeare-a thu leh hla fing leh ril tak takte ziak thei tur awmah an rawn ngai a ni ber.

    A chhan pawh Shakespeare-a kha a pian leh murna a chiang lovin a chanchin chiang taka hretu an tam lo hle mai si a. Dan ang takin Holy Tinity Kohhran leh Stratford sawrkarah Shakespeare-a hi ziaka chhinchhiah ni mah se, lemchan thiam leh lemchan ziaktu anga chhinchhiah a nihna reng reng ziakin a awm bawk si lo nen khawvelin a buaipui ta hle reng a ni.

    Kum zabi 19-na a lo thlena Shakespeare-a kutchhuak ngaihsan vung vanglai hun a rawn inher chhuah phei kha chuan amah puhmawhna hian a vanglai tak a tawng kan ti thei awm e. Mi tam tak chuan Edward de Vere, 17 Earl of Oxford kha Shakespeare-a thu leh hla ziaktu dik tak zawk a ni tiin thu an vawrh darh nasa mai a.

    A kutchhuak ni ngeia pawm harsa an tih chhan berte chu Shakespeare-a khan zirna kawngah leh thu leh hla thiam tura inzirna a neih awm reng reng an hriat theih lohna lai takte hi a ni. He mi zulzui hian Holywood chuan film hmuhnawm zet mai, Anonymous tih a tichhuak nghe nghe a, en manhla tak zu nia!

    William Shakespeare-a kha a dam lai hunah ngaihhlut a hlawh hman meuh lo a. Kum 1598 khan Puithiam leh Ziaktu ni kawp Francis Meres-a khan Englisk ziaktu ropui rual zing ata thur chhuakin, Comedy leh Tragedy lemchana ‘Mi chungchuang ber’ tiin a rawn fak ţan a. Parnassus Lemchante ziaktu rual, St John’s College, Cambridge lama mite pawhin Chaucer, Gower leh Spenser-ate nen huang khatah an rawn dah tan ta bawk a ni.

    Kum 1660 chhoah leh kum zabi 17 tawp lamah pawh Classical thu leh hla kha an zir dan leh ngaihdan a la tlanglawn hle a. Khang hun laia Critic ropui tak takte pawh khan Shakespeare-a hi an la dah hniam hle reng a ni. John Fletcher, Ben Johnson-te ai pawha ngaih ropui a hlawh lo zawk a ni.

    Mahse, kum zabi 18 a rawn inher chhuak ta a. Mi thiam tak tak, Samuel Johnson leh Edmond Malone-ate’n an kut chhuak an zirna chuan nasa takin Shakespeare-a a rawn vawrh lar ta a. Voltaire, Geothe, Stendhal leh Victor Hugo te rualin a nihna ang taka Shakespeare-a an rawn tarlan tak hnuin a hmingthanna hian chuai lam pan lai reng reng a nei ta lo a nih hi.

    Kum zabi 20-naah phei chuan Shakespeare-a kut chhuakte chu a thu inhlawm dan (structuralism), hmeichhe chanvo chawisan tumna lam hawi (feminism), hun kal ta chhui dan kawng thar (new historicism), African-American lam hawia zirna leh mi danglam bik a nihna ang (queer studies) angin khawvel hian Shakespeare-a kut chhuakte chu azir ta tluk tluk mai a ni.

    A ropuizia tarlan nân Harold Bloom-a thuchang hi tarlang tai la. ‘Shakespeare-a zet hi chu Plato aiin a hrawl zawk a. St Augustine-a ai pawhin a ropui zawk. A thu leh hla bulţhut pawimawhna leh ropuina kan han hmuh thiampui takah chuan, a kutchhuakte hian min tuam vel vek a lo ni’ tiin.